Friday, April 15, 2011

DANS LA VILLE D'OR ET D'ARGENT



Dans la Ville d'Or et d'Argent

Le dernier roman de ma cousine, Kenizé Mourad, vient de paraître. C'est un chef-d'oeuvre à lire absolument!


Kenizé Mourad est une romancière et journaliste française d’origine turco-indienne.
Née à Paris en 1940, Kenizé de Kotwara est la fille d’une princesse turque, membre de la Dynastie ottomane (petite-fille du sultan Mourad V par sa mère Hatidjé Sultane) mariée à un rajah indien mais réfugiée à Paris. Orpheline de sa mère peu après sa naissance, elle est élevée dans un milieu catholique.

À l’âge de 20 ans, la quête de ses origines l’amène à découvrir l’Islam dans les textes des grands soufis. Percevant l’Islam comme une religion ouverte et tolérante, elle conçoit son identité musulmane comme « une appartenance plus qu’une religion » à une époque où elle adhère aux « valeurs gauchistes » ambiantes. Tout en effectuant de longs séjours en Inde et au Pakistan, elle suit des études de psychologie et de sociologie à la Sorbonne. Mais, si elle travaille comme journaliste indépendante à partir de 1965, elle vit surtout à partir de 1968 de son métier d’hôtesse de l’air. Elle exerce encore cette profession lorsqu’en 1970, elle rencontre Hector de Galard qui l’introduit au « Nouvel Observateur ».


D’abord attachée au service documentation, elle commence à y publier des articles en mars 1971. Chargée de couvrir le Bangladesh et le Pakistan, où elle a vécu quelques temps, elle voit sa situation régularisée en décembre 1971. Elle élargit son domaine de prédilection aux questions moyen-orientales. Correspondante de guerre au Bangladesh, en Éthiopie, au Liban, où elle passe trois mois pendant le siège de Beyrouth en 1982, elle couvre également la révolution iranienne pendant plus d’une année.


Mais au cours de ses reportages, elle se rend compte de l’importance de la psychologie des gens par rapport aux grands discours politiques. C’est parce qu’elle n’a « pas la place d’en rendre compte dans ses articles » qu’elle quitte le journal en septembre 1982 pour se lancer dans l’écriture. Après avoir enquêté en Turquie, au Liban et en Inde, elle publie en 1987 un roman racontant l’histoire de sa famille, « De la Part de la Princesse Morte », chez Robert Laffont. Best-seller international, son roman est vendu à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires et traduit en 34 langues.


En 1998, elle publie la suite de son premier roman, « Le Jardin de Badalpur ». En 2003 elle publie « Le Parfum de Notre Terre, Voix de Palestine et d’Israël », un livre d’interviews et de portraits d’hommes, de femmes, et d’enfants palestiniens et israéliens, pour tenter de faire comprendre le drame des deux peuples.


«Dans la Ville d’Or et d’Argent », Paris, Éditions Robert Laffont, 2010 (ISBN 978-2221095249)


Présentation de l’éditeur


Dans la veine de son best-seller « De la Part de la Princesse Morte », la nouvelle saga historique de Kenizé Mourad - l’histoire fascinante et méconnue de la première femme indienne qui, près d’un siècle avant l’indépendance de son pays, osa défier l’occupant britannique.

La Compagnie anglaise des Indes orientales règne sans partage sur le pays en ce milieu du XIXe siècle. Exerçant sa suprématie tant sur le plan commercial que politique pour le compte de la couronne britannique, elle a désormais annexé la majeure partie du territoire. Parmi les États encore indépendants, l’un d’eux surtout attise les convoitises : Awadh, l’État le plus prospère du nord de l’Inde, et sa capitale Lucknow - dont la richesse et la beauté lui valent d’être surnommée la « ville d’or et d’argent » -, une cité à l’architecture splendide où plusieurs communautés ethniques et religieuses vivent en harmonie.

Au tout début de l’année 1856, la Compagnie décide de passer à l’offensive en plaçant le souverain d’Awadh sous tutelle britannique. Cette annexion déguisée déclenche aussitôt un fort courant de protestation ; la bégum Hazrat Mahal, quatrième épouse du roi, condamné à l’exil, prend la tête de l’insurrection. Au côté du fidèle rajah Jai Lal et avec l’aide des cipayes, soldats indiens de l’armée britannique ralliés à sa cause et prêts pour elle à tous les sacrifices, Hazrat Mahal va incarner deux ans durant la résistance à l’occupant, et être le fer de lance et l’âme de la révolte. Vaste fresque sur fond de passion amoureuse entre Hazrat Mahal et Jai Lal, l’héroïque et loyal chef militaire, Dans la ville d’or et d’argent a le souffle épique des grands romans historiques. Faisant alterner les points de vue britannique et indien, Kenizé Mourad retrace la révolte des cipayes, premier mouvement de lutte pour l’indépendance indienne - depuis ses origines jusqu’à son écrasement dans le sang et la destruction de Lucknow. Elle propose également une lecture très actuelle de ces événements lointains, dénonçant avec force et justesse le droit qu’au nom de prétendues valeurs civilisatrices certains s’arrogent de faire le bonheur des autres, y compris contre eux-mêmes…

1856


La Compagnie anglaise des Indes orientales, qui règne sans partage sur la majeure partie du pays, décide d’annexer Awadh, l’État indépendant le plus riche du nord des Indes, et d’exiler son souverain. La population se soulève : Hazrat Mahal, quatrième épouse du roi, prend la tête de l’insurrection, épaulée par le rajah Jai Lal, et avec l’aide des cipayes, ces soldats indiens de l’armée britannique ralliés à sa cause.

Lucknow, la capitale du royaume d’Awadh, appelée « la ville d’or et d’argent » pour sa splendeur et pour l’harmonie dans laquelle vivent ses communautés hindoue et musulmane, est le foyer de cette première guerre nationale. Peu à peu, l’embrasement se généralise. Deux années durant, la bégum Hazrat Mahal sera l’âme d’une révolte qui aboutira près d’un siècle plus tard, en 1948, à l’indépendance de l’Inde, sous la conduite de Gandhi.
Vaste fresque historique sur fond de passion amoureuse entre Hazrat Mahal et Jai Lai, l’intrépide et insolent chef militaire, « Dans la Ville d’Or et d’Argent » relate le destin d’une femme héroïque et méconnue, qui pourtant, la première, traça la voie de la libération des Indes. A l’aune de ces événements lointains, Kenizé Mourad s’interroge sur le droit que se donnent certains d’imposer leur vision du bonheur aux autres.
1856. Lucknow, capitale du royaume d’Awadh (nord de l’Inde). Dans cette ville parfois décrite comme « la Constantinople de l’Inde », vit une jeune femme appelée Hazrat Mahal. A sa naissance, dans une famille d’artisans, elle se prénommait Muhammadi. Orpheline très tôt, elle est prise en charge par un oncle. A l’adolescence, elle est repérée par deux anciennes courtisanes qui vont faire de la jeune fille, férue de poésie, une courtisane. Remarquée par le nawâb (souverain musulman), elle devient une concubine puis sa quatrième épouse. Lorsqu’elle lui donne un fils, Birjis Qadr, elle reçoit le nom de Hazrat Mahal.

Le royaume d’Awadh est depuis la fin du 18ème siècle un vassal de la Compagnie anglaise des Indes Orientales qui, peu à peu, grignote l’Inde. En cette année 1856, elle convoite ce royaume qui renferme nombre de richesses. Le roi, un amateur de poésie, d’architecture et plus largement de culture, est déposé en février 1856 et exilé à Calcutta. Il espère pouvoir faire entendre sa voix à la reine Victoria. Dans son exil, il amène quelques unes de ses épouses et quelques uns de ses enfants, mais ni Hazrat Mahal ni Birjis Qadr.


Enfermée dans son palais, la jeune femme va d’abord vivre les évènements de l’extérieur avant d’y prendre part. Elle écrit continuellement à son mari afin de l’informer de la situation à Lucknow mais ne reçoit jamais de réponse. L’agitation couve à Lucknow mais aussi un peu partout dans le nord et le centre de l’Inde. Plusieurs faits sont à l’origine du mécontentement. L’un d’entre eux concerne les cipayes, ces Indiens servant comme soldats dans la Compagnie des Indes Orientales sous les ordres d’officiers britanniques. Une rumeur affirme que de la graisse animale (porc et bœuf) est utilisée dans la fabrication des cartouches. Un sacrilège pour les cipayes ! La révolte des cipayes commence.

Hazrat Mahal n’y prend donc pas part dès le début. Ce n’est que quelque mois après qu’elle se révèle être une femme forte. Son fils devient nawâb et elle, régente. Elle participe à toutes les réunions et prises de décisions. Elle est aidée dans sa tâche par son plus fidèle serviteur devenu ministre et par un rajah. Après deux ans de combat, les Britanniques regagnent du terrain et Hazrat Mahal se retrouve exilée au Népal


« Dans la Ville d’Or et d’Argent » est un roman historique pour le grand public, accessible même sans aucune connaissance de l’histoire indienne. Un style simple mais efficace qui nous transporte dans la Lucknow du 19ème siècle, d’abord au cœur des fastes du palais puis au cœur de la révolte. L’Histoire a permis à cette jeune femme de dévoiler sa véritable personnalité. Quelqu’un a dit un jour que ce sont les évènements extraordinaires qui révèlent les hommes extraordinaires. Ce fut le cas avec Hazrat Mahal que rien ne destinait à prendre la tête de troupes d’hommes, elle la jeune courtisane devenue une princesse soumise à la purdah (stricte séparation des hommes et des femmes ; pour respecter cela, Hazrat Mahal portait, avant la révolte, la burqa en présence d’hommes).

Friday, April 2, 2010

About the origin of evil and the re-making of God




The origin of evil

Isaac Luria was a 16th century visionary who came up with the most astonishing idea formulated about God. He was also regarded as a saint of the Kabbalism in Safed, between Damascus and Jerusalem. It may have been while studying the earliest passages of the Talmud that he saw the light. In those pages, it is said that God had made other worlds and had destroyed them before He created this one. He then filled the world as the soul fills a body, revealing himself in the tiniest breeze, in a blazing fire, in silence, in children splashing and shouting on the beach, in purring cats and swaying flowers, but also in the agony of the dying, in the screams of the injured and the sick, in the tears for a lost child . . . As all religious people experience over and over again in the course of their lifetime, Luria had to face the dilemma of theodicy. Unable to understand how a perfect God could create a world riddled with pain, even less able to discover from where evil sprang forth, he spent his life searching for the answer until it revealed itself to him.

Over the years, the idea of God had evolved. In Luria’s days, the Jewish theology of Kabbalah distinguished between the essence of God and the God whom we glimpse in creation. The essence of God was inscrutable, inaccessible, and unknowable. To distinguish this hidden God from the other, they called it En Sof—literally, «without end», in Hebrew. The other, they called Shekinah, God’s presence on earth. We know nothing of En Sof. He isn’t even mentioned in the Bible or the Talmud. To make Himself known to humanity, En Sof manifested Himself to the Jewish mystics under ten different aspects or sefiroth. Each aspect represented a stage in En Sof’s unfolding revelation and had its own symbolic name.

In his effort to explain evil, Isaac Luria imagined what had happened before En Sof created the world.

The world according to Luria

Long before the big bang, En Sof was boundless and shapeless, and all His various powers mingled together and existed within Him in perfect harmony. On the onset of genesis, He withdrew and formed a tiny pocket of emptiness within Himself in which He planned to make the world.

Luria called this withdrawal tsimtsum. He visualized the empty space created by tsimtsum as a circle, surrounded on all sides by En Sof. This was tohu bohu, the formless waste mentioned in Genesis. Thus, God’s first act is an exile from one part of Himself, a self-imposed limitation, quite like when the Christian God emptied Himself into the Son in an act of self-expression.

During tsimtsum, En Sof sheared His Wrath from His inmost being and cast it into the empty space. Now that God’s Wrath—which the Zohar had seen as the root of evil—was cut off from God’s Mercy and the rest of His powers, it could turn out to be destructive. Still En Sof did not forsake the empty space entirely. A ‘thin line’ of the divine light penetrated this circle and took the form of what the Zohar had called Adam Kadmon, the Primordial Man.

The big bang

God’s three highest sefiroth radiated from Adam Kadmon’s ‘nose’, ‘ears’ and ‘mouth’. Then, a catastrophe occurred, which Luria called ‘the Breaking of the Vessels’. The sefiroth needed to be contained in special ‘vessels’ to distinguish and separate them from one another and to prevent them from merging anew into their primal unity. These ‘vessels’ were not material, but were composed of thicker light that served as shells for the purer light of the sefiroth. When the three highest sefiroth had radiated from Adam Kadmon, their vessels had channeled them perfectly. However, when the next six sefiroth issued from his ‘eyes’, their vessels were not strong enough to contain the divine light, and all this fragile construction shattered to pieces and dispersed. Some of the divine sparks rose upward and returned to En Sof, but others fell into the empty waste and remained trapped in chaos. From then on, nothing was at its proper place. The original harmony had been ruined, and the divine sparks were lost in the formless waste of tohu bohu, in exile from En Sof.

The meaning of (our) life, part one

Again, God set Himself to create the world. His intent was to make it in such a manner that man’s ultimate goal would be to recover the divine sparks and help Him build Himself anew.

However, that was before Adam had sinned in the Garden of Eden. Had he not done so, the original harmony would have been restored and the divine exile would have ended on the first Sabbath. But Adam’s fall repeated the primal catastrophe of the Breaking of the Vessels. The created order fell and the divine light in his soul was scattered about and caught in broken matter. Thus, once more, in this trial and error manner, God evolved yet another plan with the difference this time that only Jews would be assigned a special mission. Since Israel, just as the divine sparks themselves, is scattered throughout the Diaspora, from then on, it would be its duty to redeem the fallen atoms. As long as these transcendent sparkles are separated and lost in matter, God shall be incomplete. Only by careful observance of Torah and the discipline of prayer, each Jew will help restore the sparks to their divine source.

In this vision of salvation, God is not gazing down on humanity condescendingly, but, as Jews had always insisted, actually depends on mankind, for only Jews have the unique privilege of helping God re-form and recreate Himself anew.



Luria’s mythology was embraced eagerly by Jews around the world. Recast in Jewish terms, it was able to touch a buried chord and give new hope in the midst of despair. It enabled the Jews to believe that despite the appalling circumstances in which so many of them lived, there was an ultimate meaning and significance. By the observance of the mitzvot, they could rebuild their God again.

The meaning of (our) life, part two

During the 18th century, Hasid scholars, like the Besht, brought yet another interpretation to the fall of the divine sparks. For them, it was a blessing in disguise. Until then, En Sof had been perceived as an inscrutable, inaccessible and unknowable entity. Now, God was again as He had been during the days of the Talmud, and the world seemed to be filled with His presence. A devout Jew could once more experience Him while he ate, drank, made love to his wife, in the wind that stroke his face, in the blades of grass that stirred beneath his feet. In this universal theophany, the Besht set aside Luria’s grand scheme of world salvation and preferred to consider man only responsible for reuniting the sparks trapped in his personal surroundings—in his home, in his wife and in his children. As one of the Besht’s disciples explained: ‘Every man is a redeemer of a world that is all his own. He beholds only what he, and only he, ought to behold and feels only what he is personally singled out to feel.’

Sometimes, the Hasidim went to somewhat far-fetched extremes in their attempt to save the world: many of them took to smoking a great deal to rescue the sparks in tobacco . . . One of the Besht’s own grandsons had a splendid court with magnificent tapestries and furniture, which he justified by declaring that he was only concerned for the sparks in these wonderful trappings. Others used to eat gargantuan meals to reclaim the divine sparks in their food . . .

Surely, from an outsider’s point of view, the whole Hasidic enterprise must have appeared as an attempt to find a meaning in a dangerous and cruel environment, by stripping the veil of familiarity from the world to discover the glory that lay within.

From the perspective of a devout Hasid, through the various disciplines he performed, he only knew that, day after day, he was becoming more and more aware of the divine energy that coursed through the whole created world, transforming it into a glorious place, despite the sorrows of exile and persecution. Gradually the material world would fade into insignificance and everything would become an epiphany.

The Hasidim considered both man and God as being part of the same process of self-realization, created by it, creating it, mutually interdependent. God was no longer perceived as an external, objective reality. Indeed, the Hasidim believed that in some sense they were creating Him by building Him up anew after His disintegration, and that by becoming aware of the Godly spark within them, they would become more fully human.

THE DARK SIDE OF THE SOUL - Geneve, Suisse - Petites Annonces Gratuites sur Twitter

THE DARK SIDE OF THE SOUL - Geneve, Suisse - Petites Annonces Gratuites sur Twitter

Wednesday, March 3, 2010

5. WHAT DOES THE DARK SIDE OF THE SOUL BRING THE READER?


• In The Dark Side of the Soul, the author answers the only valid question and that is not whether we have chosen to play God, but whether it is our destiny.


• The author reveals the secret purpose of incarnation.


• The author reveals Humankind’s mysterious mission in the overall scheme of things.


• The author reveals the reason why and how souls redeem the fallen angels.


• The author makes one aware of the purpose of one’s life, helps the reader find his place in the large scheme of things, and helps him/her understand her/his relationship between self and inner self.


• The author wishes to stress that his novel not only entertains, but brings understanding and insight into key questions pertaining to every human being’s existence.


• The Dark Side of the Soul is a unique story, both a novel and global theory with the objective to explain both the physical and metaphysical realms.


• This book brings a different understanding of the Nature of God, of His objectives. Nothing is the known universe is here by chance; there are no coincidences; everything has a purpose and has its place in the unfolding of God’s overarching plan.

Monday, February 15, 2010

QUESTIONS CONCERNING MY NOVEL - PART THREE

3. Why do souls forget everything when they become incarnate?


• If they remembered, they would know that one day or another they’d return, they’d feel homesick, like people who believe in heaven, I guess, but it wouldn’t be as painful as not knowing at all.

• They would feel exiled and constantly yearn to return to heaven… But that doesn’t explain why souls must be stripped of all their powers and of all their memories in the first place.

• Some theologians explain this by saying that souls never completely forget. They dimly remember the lost paradise and long to return to their divine source. If they remembered that whatever terrible trial they must face, that in the end they will go back into the light, they would not feel lost and helpless and the whole process would be quite pointless. It is by overcoming adversity that the souls evolve.’

• The fact of the matter is that souls are already perfect. They don’t need to evolve.’

• Other religious people say: It was meant to be. Like everything else, it was part of His grand design.’

4. ‘Why did God choose to incarnate the souls in Humankind? Why not in other species? As far as I know, it didn’t make us any wiser.’

• ‘Perhaps the other species do not need a soul to be wise.’

• ‘Or perhaps it’s the souls that drive us mad.’

Thursday, February 11, 2010

BRIGHTER THAN BRIGHT - INTERVIEW OF LINDA SIMONI-WASTILA

Four years ago, I enrolled in a WOW (WritersOnlineWorkshop) webinar whose goal was to teach aspiring novelists the magic spell that would enable them to write a perfect Query Letter. It lasted a month or two. I was very fortunate for taking that class, not because I learnt how to write the perfect QL - I didn’t and I don’t think any of my fellow students did either - but because I discovered two exceptionally gifted writers - Chrys Buckley and Linda Simoni-Wastila. Living in Geneva, not knowing a single English-speaking person, I desperately needed someone to read my manuscript. Thus, a few months after the course ended and I’d sent the ineffective QL all over the US, I sent Chrys and Linda emails suggesting we help each other with our respective manuscripts. Linda and Chrys were already critiquing each other’s novels. I never managed to persuade Chrys; unfortunately for both of us, I’m sure. Not overly enthused, Linda agreed to send me the fourth chapter of her novel Brighter than Bright (BTB). I studied and painstakingly analyzed her text, but after sweating over Linda’s absolute mastery of the English syntax, I decided to analyze the content. I sent Linda some ‘suggestions’, mild criticism at most. This seemed to please Linda, for she sent me more. I became bolder. After some weeks, she asked me to send her a chapter of my manuscript, The Dark Side of the Soul - Bingo! From then on and for over a year, as Jekyll turned into Hyde, Linda became Xena the Warrior Princess and I, Conan the Barbarian. While Conan slashed and sliced BTB, Xenia ripped TDSOTS apart. We both gave free rein to Xena and Conan in their pitiless dance. Whenever Conan struck too fiercely, Linda retreated and would stop sending me emails - criticism is cruelest when directed at what one cherishes most. And Linda loves Ben and Phoebe as her own children just as I love the characters in my novel. In our work together, Linda and I have branded each other for life; we will remain in each other’s heart forever. That is our story. This is my interview:




Are there any autobiographical elements in BTB?
Certainly there are elements that draw on my life, my experiences. Phoebe is a medical student whose passion is working in clay, also one of my passions. And Ben writes, mostly poetry. My story takes place in Cambridge, MA, a city I know well. But autobiographical? I don’t think so.


Why did you, at 43 years of age, suddenly decide to write your first novel, BTB?
I didn’t decide to write BTB – it decided to use me as a vehicle, a medium. I started writing BTB on January 2, 2006. Believe me, writing a novel – writing anything – was not on my 2006 to-do list. But about a year earlier, I woke and said out loud, “Who’s Benjamin Michael Taylor and why’s he in trouble?” I went straight to my computer, ripped off a paragraph about this character Ben, saved the document, and went to work. I’ve never done that before, write down thoughts like that. Ten months later, I was cleaning out my word files, stumbled across one called BENMICH, opened it, and a story tumbled out. I resisted writing, for some reason it scared me, but I kept thinking about the story, imagining it, then finally committed the first words after the New Year. Four months and 183,000 words later, I had my first draft.


What genre is BTB?
God, how I struggle with this question. In my pitches I call it ‘mainstream with literary leanings’, a story that will appeal to ‘new adults’ (i.e., young adult/adult cross-over).


Describe your main character.
Physically, Ben is 5’ 10’’, lean, has a runner’s physique. Blue-black hair from his Italian ancestry, which he wears long and shaggy. Malachite eyes, intelligent eyes, a mouth that twitches into a smile. Long, sensitive fingers, bitten nails. Impatient, edgy, intense, always moving. He now has a tattoo below his left shoulder blade to cover the scar where the bullet exited – Explore transformation throughout (Rilke). When his lithium goes too high, his hands shake. Mentally, he constantly juggles the right side of his mind with his left. He has streaks of genius, but often lacks the attention span to see the thought through to its end, one reason he needs medication. His thoughts go a mile a minute. He thinks in poetry, dissects logic in nanoseconds. Emotionally, Ben is a guy who feels too much. He tends to the blue side of the bipolar continuum. When stressed, he feels tremendous anxiety and insecurity. More than anything, he wants family, wants love. But when love comes close, he overcompensates and scares his intended away. He often feels alone.


Have you met a person like Ben before writing your novel?
No. But I’ve met pieces of him in others.


If not in “real life”, have you met him in your day-dreams?
Ben and I know each other very well. Truth be told, for me to write my characters, and not just Ben, I have to assume their characters. I have to get ‘into role’ to write them well. So there have been nights where I lay in bed and drift into Ben – in the hospital, confronting his father, worrying about school. The next morning, I feel Ben, and I write the scene. I do this with all my characters. If I don’t or can’t, then they fall flat.


Would you like to meet Ben?
There are times when I wander the city, run my errands, and my heart stops – there, is that Ben? Someone who has some characteristic of him makes me pause, and wonder.


Which circumstances helped you write BTB?
I think my ‘day job’ as an academic has given me a lot of fodder and authority to write BTB. I write about science and mental illness and substance abuse, and these are the things I do and research.


Which personal traits helped you?
I’m not a quitter. I finish what I start.


Which conditions hindered you?
It’s very difficult to strike a balance of work, family, and writing. I make it a practice to get up early every morning before everyone else, and write. If I don’t get that bit in, it’s a crappy day.


Which personal traits hindered you?
I am a perfectionist, so sometimes I’d be paralyzed, unable to make progress. I also am a word hoarder – it’s hard for me to slice and dice in the first and second drafts.


****


Read Linda's interview of me
Follow Linda on Twitter
Check Linda's blog

Friday, February 5, 2010

QUESTIONS CONCERNING MY NOVEL "THE DARK SIDE OF THE SOUL" - PART TWO

3. Why do souls forget everything when they become incarnate?




• If they remembered, they would know that one day or another they’d return, they’d feel homesick, like people who believe in heaven, I guess, but it wouldn’t be as painful as not knowing at all.


• They would feel exiled and constantly yearn to return to heaven… But that doesn’t explain why souls must be stripped of all their powers and of all their memories in the first place.


• Some theologians explain this by saying that souls never completely forget. They dimly remember the lost paradise and long to return to their divine source. If they remembered that whatever terrible trial they must face, that in the end they will go back into the light, they would not feel lost and helpless and the whole process would be quite pointless. It is by overcoming adversity that the souls evolve.’


• The fact of the matter is that souls are already perfect. They don’t need to evolve.’


• Other religious people say: It was meant to be. Like everything else, it was part of His grand design.’


4. Why did God choose to incarnate the souls in Humankind? Why not in other species? As far as I know, it didn’t make us any wiser.


• ‘Perhaps the other species do not need a soul to be wise.’


• ‘Or perhaps it’s the souls that drive us mad.’